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The Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. An associated prize in Economics has been awarded since 1969.〔("Nobel Prize )" (2007), in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', accessed 14 November 2007, from ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'': 〕 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to over 850 individuals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=All Nobel Laureates )〕 According to ''100 Years of Nobel Prize (2005)'', a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000, 65.4% of Nobel Prize Laureates, have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference (423 prizes).〔Baruch A. Shalev, ''(100 Years of Nobel Prizes )'' (2003),Atlantic Publishers & Distributors , p.57: between 1901 and 2000 reveals that 654 Laureates belong to 28 different religion. Most 65.4% have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference. While separating Roman Catholic from Protestants among Christians proved difficult in some cases, available information suggests that more Protestants were involved in the scientific categories and more Catholics were involved in the Literature and Peace categories. Atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers comprise 10.5% of total Nobel Prize winners; but in the category of Literature, these preferences rise sharply to about 35%. A striking fact involving religion is the high number of Laureates of the Jewish faith - over 20% of total Nobel Prizes (138); including: 17% in Chemistry, 26% in Medicine and Physics, 40% in Economics and 11% in Peace and Literature each. The numbers are especially startling in light of the fact that only some 14 million people (0.02% of the world's population) are Jewish. By contrast, only 5 Nobel Laureates have been of the Muslim faith-0.8% of total number of Nobel prizes awarded - from a population base of about 1.2 billion (20% of the world‘s population)〕 Overall, Christians have won a total of 78.3% of all the Nobel Prizes in Peace,〔Shalev, Baruch (2005). (100 Years of Nobel Prizes ). p. 59〕 72.5% in Chemistry, 65.3% in Physics,〔 62% in Medicine,〔 54% in Economics〔 and 49.5% of all Literature awards.〔 The three primary divisions of Christianity are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Between 1901 and 2000 it was revealed that among 654 Laureates 31.8% have identified Protestant in its various forms (208 prize),〔Shalev, Baruch (2005). 100 Years of Nobel Prizes. p. 60〕 20.3% were Christians (no information about their denominations; 133 prize),〔 11.6% have identified as Catholic〔 and 1.6% have identified as Eastern Orthodox.〔 Christians make up over 33.2% of the worlds population 〔33.2% of 6.7 billion world population (under the section 'People') (【引用サイトリンク】title=World )〕 and have earned 65.4% of Nobel prizes.〔 According to ''Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States'' by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background.〔Harriet Zuckerman, ''(Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States )'' New York, The Free Pres, 1977 , p.68: Protestants turn up among the American-reared laureates in slightly greater proportion to their numbers in the general population. Thus 72 percent of the seventy-one laureates but about two thirds of the American population were reared in one or another Protestant denomination-)〕 Overall, 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes awarded to Americans in Chemistry,〔 60% in Medicine,〔 and 58.6% in Physics〔 between 1901 and 1972 were won by Protestants. Alfred Nobel who established the prizes in 1895, was himself, through baptism and confirmation, a Lutheran. He regularly frequented the Church of Sweden Abroad. 75 members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences of the Catholic Church have won a Nobel prize in the sciences and economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/nobel.html )〕 The worldviews of the members are diverse and includes some non-Christians. == Christian Nobel laureates by denomination == The table show the religion of Nobel laureats between the years 1901-2000, the table is according to the book ''100 Years of Nobel Prize (2005)'':〔 ''Statistical data on Nobel prize winners in science between 1901 and 2000 revealed that Atheists, Agnostics, and Freethinkers have won 7.1% of the prizes in Chemistry, 8.9% in Medicine, and 4.7% in Physics and 35% in Literature; while Christians have won a total of 72.5% of the prizes in Chemistry, 65.3% in Physics, 62% in Medicine and Jews have won 17.3% of the prizes in Chemistry, 26.2% in Medicine, and 25.9% in Physics.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Christian Nobel laureates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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